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📘 Part 1. When the World’s Factories Slow Down — What the Manufacturing Data Is Telling Us In early November 2025, the global economy once again found itself under the shadow of slowdown. After several years of post-pandemic recovery, global manufacturing has clearly entered a period of “cooling down.” According to the latest reports from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and S&P Global, the Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for major manufacturing countries has stayed below 50 for eight consecutive months. That is the longest stretch of contraction since COVID-19, and it signals that “demand shortfall” is spreading across the world’s production network. 1️⃣ Manufacturing PMI: A World Map Below 50 China: 49.3 (below 50 for 7 straight months) South Korea: 48.8 (new export orders −5.2%) Japan: 48.7 (export slowdown + rising costs) Germany: 44.9 (lowest since the 2012 eurozone debt crisis) United States (ISM Manufactur...

📌 The Energy Transition & the Commodity Supercycle — A New Order in the EV & Battery Era The 21st-century energy transition isn’t just an environmental policy. Using real cases and numbers, this piece explains how the battery-metal supercycle—lithium, nickel, cobalt—is reshaping global supply chains and investment strategies. --- Part I. The Massive Shift Triggered by the Energy Transition 1. Why an energy transition? One of humanity’s greatest challenges in the 21st century is global warming and climate change. For roughly two centuries since the Industrial Revolution, we’ve powered economic growth by burning fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas. But the resulting buildup of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), in the atmosphere has driven a rapid rise in average global temperatures. According to the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), average global temperatures have already increased by about 1.1°C compared to pre-industrial le...

Copper · Lithium · Oil: The Thermometers of the Global Economy From leading indicators of growth to EV demand and inflationary pressure Copper, lithium, and oil are not just commodities—they are the thermometers of the global economy. Supply shocks, the surge in EV demand, and inflationary pressures reveal signals that every investor should pay close attention to. --- Part I. Why Commodities Are Called the “Thermometers of the Economy” When analyzing the global economy, people usually focus on financial indicators such as stock indexes, exchange rates, or interest rates. Yet financial markets are often swayed by short-term liquidity and investor sentiment, which means they don’t always reflect the true pulse of the real economy. Commodities, on the other hand, are raw materials directly used in industry and consumer life. Their prices often give a more immediate picture of demand and supply conditions. That’s why commodities are frequently seen as leading indicators of the ...